Date   

Why I’m for Voting For Biden and Urge You To Do So - New Politics

Louis Proyect
 

Dan La Botz says vote for Biden to prevent Trump from seizing power like an American Pinochet. Sure. Since BLM-led general strikes have been forcing the bourgeoisie to its knees, there's no alternative.

https://newpol.org/why-im-for-voting-for-biden-and-urge-you-to-do-so/


In Debate: A Socialist’s Case for Howie Hawkins | Left Voice

Louis Proyect
 

As part of our ongoing analysis of the U.S. Green Party, guest writer, John Palmucci offers a counter to Ezra Brain’s Left Voice article: “A Socialist Case Against Howie Hawkins and the Green Party.” Palmucci argues that most criticisms of the Green Party do not apply to its presidential candidate, Howie Hawkins and that socialists should have no qualms with voting for him.

https://www.leftvoice.org/guest-post-a-socialists-case-for-howie-hawkins


Re: New Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump | College of Arts

Viejo Oso Gruñon
 

The White Working-Class is the most marginalized group in the country?!

Wow?!


Re: The Sinking Middle Class | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

Paul D'Amato
 

Marx also used it to describe ideas he considered to be representative of the interests of that class, even if those propounding the ideas were not strictly members of the petty bourgeoisie ;

18th Brumaire: 

The peculiar character of social-democracy is epitomized in the fact that democratic-republican institutions are demanded as a means, not of doing away with two extremes, capital and wage labor, but of weakening their antagonism and transforming it into harmony. However different the means proposed for the attainment of this end may be, however much it may be trimmed with more or less revolutionary notions, the content remains the same. This content is the transformation of society in a democratic way, but a transformation within the bounds of the petty bourgeoisie. Only one must not get the narrow-minded notion that the petty bourgeoisie, on principle, wishes to enforce an egoistic class interest. Rather, it believes that the special conditions of its emancipation are the general conditions within whose frame alone modern society can be saved and the class struggle avoided. Just as little must one imagine that the democratic representatives are indeed all shopkeepers or enthusiastic champions of shopkeepers. According to their education and their individual position they may be as far apart as heaven and earth. What makes them representatives of the petty bourgeoisie is the fact that in their minds they do not get beyond the limits which the latter do not get beyond in life, that they are consequently driven, theoretically, to the same problems and solutions to which material interest and social position drive the latter practically. This is, in general, the relationship between the political and literary representatives of a class and the class they represent.


On Sep 26, 2020, at 1:12 PM, John A Imani <johnaimani3@...> wrote:

Louis Proyect, in his review of  “The Sinking Middle Class", cited its author Dan Roedigger:

...as important as it is to recognize that teachers, nurses, and millions of less adequately paid office and sales workers are key elements of the US working class, contradictions of everyday life won’t let us rest there What are we to do with a teacher, or nurse, or sanitation worker, or meatpacker from Green Bay who becomes a labor activist while professing to still (or also) be middle class? Must she pick? Should labor scholars decide for her? These questions are especially vexed because the working class is largely defined by a relation to capital and management, while the middle class includes a variety of such relationships and often turns significantly on personal choice.”

So the former is an economic category while the latter is a 'state of mind'.  Agree.  'Middle class' is a myth of mind perpetrated upon and perpetuated in us to divide us, as the working class, from ourselves.

The determinant(s) of one's class is(are) the element(s) of the value of the commodity that that one brings to the market.  The commodity that we as workers sell on the market is our ability to labor, our labor-power, designated in Marxian economics as v. So long as the element of the value of the commodity that members of the asserted 'middle class' sell on the market is limited to their ability to labor v then they are 'working class', matters not how 'well-paid' they are.  So long as they can just as well be fired as hired then they are working class, all other such self-flatteries, all other feigned pretensions aside.

Comrade Proyect then cited Marx:

"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production...

Can I give a good non-Christian "Amen".

Such confusion of sociological descriptors with economic categories also infects the usage of the term 'petit-bourgeoisie'.  All too oft used as a castigation, it is an "I will know it when I see it" type of proposition, hurled as an aspersion upon those in certain professions, e.g. teachers.  Or those perceived as affecting a certain lifestyle.  As above, 'states of mind'. 

But most peculiar is its usage amongst self-proclaimed-Marxists when Marx and Engels are quite clear that petit-bourgeois is an economic category, specifically, a class. A class whose elements of value of their commodity offered on the market differs from the elements of value of the products of other classes.  An accounting of those elements of the petit-bourgeois' commodity value would here take longer when this has gone on long enough.  But suffice it to say (by Marx and Engels):


“Of course he (the capitalist) can, like his labourer, take to work himself, participate directly in the process of production, but he is then only a hybrid between capitalist and labourer, a ‘small master’.” Marx. " Capital Vol 1. " https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch11.htm

“It now turns out that not every sum of money can be transformed into capital — that a minimum exists: the cost price of a single labour-power and of the necessary instruments of labour. In order to be able to live like a worker, the capitalist would have to have two workers, with a rate of surplus-value of 50 per cent, and yet save nothing. Even with eight, he is still a small master.” Engels. “Synopsis of Capital” (Vol 1) Chap 3. Section 5. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/ch03.htm

JAI



Re: The Sinking Middle Class | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

Mark Lause
 

David R. Roediger not Dan Roediger.


On Sat, Sep 26, 2020, 2:12 PM John A Imani <johnaimani3@...> wrote:
Louis Proyect, in his review of  “The Sinking Middle Class", cited its author Dan Roedigger:

...as important as it is to recognize that teachers, nurses, and millions of less adequately paid office and sales workers are key elements of the US working class, contradictions of everyday life won’t let us rest there What are we to do with a teacher, or nurse, or sanitation worker, or meatpacker from Green Bay who becomes a labor activist while professing to still (or also) be middle class? Must she pick? Should labor scholars decide for her? These questions are especially vexed because the working class is largely defined by a relation to capital and management, while the middle class includes a variety of such relationships and often turns significantly on personal choice.”

So the former is an economic category while the latter is a 'state of mind'.  Agree.  'Middle class' is a myth of mind perpetrated upon and perpetuated in us to divide us, as the working class, from ourselves.

The determinant(s) of one's class is(are) the element(s) of the value of the commodity that that one brings to the market.  The commodity that we as workers sell on the market is our ability to labor, our labor-power, designated in Marxian economics as v. So long as the element of the value of the commodity that members of the asserted 'middle class' sell on the market is limited to their ability to labor v then they are 'working class', matters not how 'well-paid' they are.  So long as they can just as well be fired as hired then they are working class, all other such self-flatteries, all other feigned pretensions aside.

Comrade Proyect then cited Marx:

"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production...

Can I give a good non-Christian "Amen".

Such confusion of sociological descriptors with economic categories also infects the usage of the term 'petit-bourgeoisie'.  All too oft used as a castigation, it is an "I will know it when I see it" type of proposition, hurled as an aspersion upon those in certain professions, e.g. teachers.  Or those perceived as affecting a certain lifestyle.  As above, 'states of mind'. 

But most peculiar is its usage amongst self-proclaimed-Marxists when Marx and Engels are quite clear that petit-bourgeois is an economic category, specifically, a class. A class whose elements of value of their commodity offered on the market differs from the elements of value of the products of other classes.  An accounting of those elements of the petit-bourgeois' commodity value would here take longer when this has gone on long enough.  But suffice it to say (by Marx and Engels):

“Of course he (the capitalist) can, like his labourer, take to work himself, participate directly in the process of production, but he is then only a hybrid between capitalist and labourer, a ‘small master’.” Marx. " Capital Vol 1. " https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch11.htm

It now turns out that not every sum of money can be transformed into capital — that a minimum exists: the cost price of a single labour-power and of the necessary instruments of labour. In order to be able to live like a worker, the capitalist would have to have two workers, with a rate of surplus-value of 50 per cent, and yet save nothing. Even with eight, he is still a small master.” Engels. “Synopsis of Capital” (Vol 1) Chap 3. Section 5. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/ch03.htm

JAI


Re: The Sinking Middle Class | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

John A Imani
 

Louis Proyect, in his review of  “The Sinking Middle Class", cited its author Dan Roedigger:

...as important as it is to recognize that teachers, nurses, and millions of less adequately paid office and sales workers are key elements of the US working class, contradictions of everyday life won’t let us rest there What are we to do with a teacher, or nurse, or sanitation worker, or meatpacker from Green Bay who becomes a labor activist while professing to still (or also) be middle class? Must she pick? Should labor scholars decide for her? These questions are especially vexed because the working class is largely defined by a relation to capital and management, while the middle class includes a variety of such relationships and often turns significantly on personal choice.”

So the former is an economic category while the latter is a 'state of mind'.  Agree.  'Middle class' is a myth of mind perpetrated upon and perpetuated in us to divide us, as the working class, from ourselves.

The determinant(s) of one's class is(are) the element(s) of the value of the commodity that that one brings to the market.  The commodity that we as workers sell on the market is our ability to labor, our labor-power, designated in Marxian economics as v. So long as the element of the value of the commodity that members of the asserted 'middle class' sell on the market is limited to their ability to labor v then they are 'working class', matters not how 'well-paid' they are.  So long as they can just as well be fired as hired then they are working class, all other such self-flatteries, all other feigned pretensions aside.

Comrade Proyect then cited Marx:

"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production...

Can I give a good non-Christian "Amen".

Such confusion of sociological descriptors with economic categories also infects the usage of the term 'petit-bourgeoisie'.  All too oft used as a castigation, it is an "I will know it when I see it" type of proposition, hurled as an aspersion upon those in certain professions, e.g. teachers.  Or those perceived as affecting a certain lifestyle.  As above, 'states of mind'. 

But most peculiar is its usage amongst self-proclaimed-Marxists when Marx and Engels are quite clear that petit-bourgeois is an economic category, specifically, a class. A class whose elements of value of their commodity offered on the market differs from the elements of value of the products of other classes.  An accounting of those elements of the petit-bourgeois' commodity value would here take longer when this has gone on long enough.  But suffice it to say (by Marx and Engels):

“Of course he (the capitalist) can, like his labourer, take to work himself, participate directly in the process of production, but he is then only a hybrid between capitalist and labourer, a ‘small master’.” Marx. " Capital Vol 1. " https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch11.htm

It now turns out that not every sum of money can be transformed into capital — that a minimum exists: the cost price of a single labour-power and of the necessary instruments of labour. In order to be able to live like a worker, the capitalist would have to have two workers, with a rate of surplus-value of 50 per cent, and yet save nothing. Even with eight, he is still a small master.” Engels. “Synopsis of Capital” (Vol 1) Chap 3. Section 5. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/ch03.htm

JAI


U.S. Elections: Is a "shitstorm" coming?

John Reimann
 

The winning candidate for president will very possibly not be settled on November 3. Is a "shitstorm" coming, especially **after** the elections? How confused could things get and what is the role of the working class?

--
“Science and socialism go hand-in-hand.” Felicity Dowling
Check out:https:http://oaklandsocialist.com also on Facebook


Re: The Degrowth Delusion

Louis Proyect
 


The Degrowth Delusion

Biibi R <becausetheworldisrou@...>
 


"Hubert Harrison: The Struggle for Equality, 1918-1927” and the 2 volume Harrison biography

Louis Proyect
 

Hi,

Hope you are well.

   The forthcoming (December 2020) Columbia University Press publication of “Hubert Harrison: The Struggle for Equality, 1918-1927” (https://cup.columbia.edu/book/hubert-harrison/9780231182638 ) follows “Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918” https://cup.columbia.edu/book/hubert-harrison/9780231139113 ). This two-volume biography by Jeffrey B. Perry (www.jeffreybperry.net ), based on extensive use of the Hubert H. Harrison Papers and diary, is believed to be the first full-life, multi-volume, biography of an Afro-Caribbean, and only the fourth of an African American after those of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Langston Hughes.

     St. Croix-born, Harlem-based Hubert Harrison (1883-1927) was a brilliant writer, orator, editor, educator, critic, and activist who combined class consciousness and anti-white-supremacist race consciousness, internationalism, and struggle for equality into a potent political radicalism. Harrison's ideas profoundly influenced "New Negro" militants, including A. Philip Randolph and Marcus Garvey, and his work is a key link in the two great strands of the Civil Rights/Black Liberation struggle: the labor- and civil-rights movement associated with Randolph and Martin Luther King Jr. and the race and nationalist movement associated with Garvey and Malcolm X.
     The second volume of this acclaimed ( https://www.jeffreybperry.net/disc.htm ) biography traces the final decade of Harrison's life, from 1918 to 1927. It details Harrison's literary and political activities, foregrounding his efforts against white supremacy and for racial consciousness and unity in struggles for equality and radical social change. The book explores Harrison's role in the militant “New Negro Movement” and with the International Colored Unity League, as well as his prolific work as a writer, educator for the New York City Board of Education, and editor of the New Negro and the Negro World. It also examines his interactions with major figures such as Garvey, Randolph, Du Bois, Cyril Briggs, W. A Domingo, Richard B. Moore, Claude McKay, John E. Bruce, J. A. Rogers, Eugene O’Neill, Elizabeth Hendrickson, D. Hamilton Jackson, Rothschild Francis, Casper Holstein, Alain Leroy Locke, Amy Ashwood Garvey, Augusta Savage, William Pickens, Willis Huggins, Williana Jones Burroughs, Arthur Schomburg, and other prominent individuals and organizations as he agitated, educated, wrote and organized for democracy and equality from a race-conscious, radical internationalist perspective. This biography demonstrates how Harrison's life and work continue to offer profound insights on race, class, war, religion, literature, theatre, immigration, democracy, and social change in America.

     These two volumes can be ordered from Columbia University Press at 20% discount by using Code “CUP20” (you will not be charged for volume 2 until the book is being released). Please share this information with others and please encourage your public library and your college and/or university library to include the Harrison biography in their collections so current and future generations can learn from the life of Hubert Harrison.

 

For a recent Columbia University Press Blog article on the two Harrison volumes entitled “Hubert Harrison: ‘The Father of Harlem Radicalism’” see https://www.cupblog.org/2020/08/16/hubert-harrison-the-father-of-harlem-radicalismby-jeffrey-b-perry/


All best wishes,

Jeffrey B. Perry



















Re: New Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump | College of Arts

maryannewolf1@...
 

None of this is new. All of this was known in the days following the 2016 election. Democrats didn't care, they still don't. They need someone to blame for Clinton's defeat. Who better than the most marginalized group in the country?


Sent: Saturday, September 26, 2020 at 8:05 AM
From: "Louis Proyect" <lnp3@...>
To: marxmail@groups.io
Subject: [marxmail] New Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump | College of Arts



Re: New Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump | College of Arts

Mark Lause
 

This idea that the white working class in the middle of the country (ignored by the Democrats) is responsible for Trump is an article of faith for the coastal liberals who actually paved the way for him.  So much so that I doubt the most thorough and irrefutable scholarship imaginable will ever budge them off of it.
.


New Political Science Research Debunks Myths About White Working-Class Support for Trump | College of Arts

Louis Proyect
 


Quantifying national responsibility for climate breakdown: an equality-based attribution approach for carbon dioxide emissions in excess of the planetary boundary - The Lancet Planetary Health

Louis Proyect
 

By Jason Hickel

As of 2015, the USA was responsible for 40% of excess global CO2 emissions. The European Union (EU-28) was responsible for 29%. The G8 nations (the USA, EU-28, Russia, Japan, and Canada) were together responsible for 85%. Countries classified by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change as Annex I nations (ie, most industrialised countries) were responsible for 90% of excess emissions. The Global North was responsible for 92%. By contrast, most countries in the Global South were within their boundary fair shares, including India and China (although China will overshoot soon).

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(20)30196-0/fulltext


Why is the nationalist right hallucinating a ‘communist enemy’? | Politics | The Guardian

Louis Proyect
 


Censorship, Curiosity and "Cuties" - CounterPunch.org

Louis Proyect
 


H-Net Review [H-Africa]: Becker on Berhe, 'Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and the Challenges of Ethiopian State-Building'

Andrew Stewart
 



---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: H-Net Staff via H-REVIEW <h-review@...>
Date: Fri, Sep 25, 2020 at 7:28 PM
Subject: H-Net Review [H-Africa]: Becker on Berhe, 'Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and the Challenges of Ethiopian State-Building'
To: <h-review@...>
Cc: H-Net Staff <revhelp@...>


Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe.  Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and
the Challenges of Ethiopian State-Building.  London  Hurst
Publishers, 2020.  376 pp.  $70.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-78738-291-6.

Reviewed by Derick Becker (University of Nottingham Malaysia)
Published on H-Africa (September, 2020)
Commissioned by David D. Hurlbut

_Laying the Past to Rest_ is essential reading for anyone who wishes
to understand contemporary Ethiopian politics. The book is primarily
an in-depth case study of the rise of the Tigrai People's Liberation
Front (TPLF) and its development over time, the creation of the
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Forces (EPRDF), and the
transformation of post-civil war Ethiopian politics. It is a work
that stands at the intersection of several literatures from African
liberation movements to democratic transitions and perhaps even party
politics in Africa. It is a rare work of scholarship that combines an
insider's view with academic distance to critically evaluate the
history of the movement as well as its successes and failures in
government. Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe pulls no punches in laying
blame on the EPRDF for its failure to instill democratic norms and
for providing space for the destabilizing ethno-nationalist politics
that have arisen since its assumption of power. There is, indeed, a
subtle sense in the concluding chapters that the author, who played
an active role in the TPLF-EPRDF and civil war, laments not just the
direction of contemporary Ethiopian politics but also the failure of
the EPRDF to uphold its revolutionary democratic ideals.

The book largely follows a chronological format beginning with the
origins and foundation of the TPLF, its development after years of
struggle, and its rise to power and the transformation of Ethiopian
politics. This approach is more than a simple historical narrative of
a group over time; it is also intimately bound to the theoretical
framework to explain how and why the group made the decisions it did
and why and how it was successful where so few other movements in the
civil war were. It also allows the author to do more than state that
the TPLF-EPRDF failed to transition to a true political party from
its origins as a liberation movement; it allows him to explain why.
The author borrows heavily from a particular approach to the study of
organizations that seeks to place them in context. That is, we see
the history of the TPLF not just as a liberation movement that won
but also as an organization with internal dynamics engaging and
reacting to the external dynamics of the region, the state, and
eventually the international system.

The book opens by placing the TPLF's founding as a student group
within the broader politics of student activism in 1970s Ethiopia in
the waning days of emperor Haile Selassie's rule. The TPLF is, thus,
a product of its time--a product of the growing opposition to the
centralizing rule of the emperor and the ways Marxist/socialist
thought provided a framework to understand this rule and the
solutions to it. Many student groups of the time, the TPLF included,
were primarily organized by ethnicity. Their Marxist-inspired debates
were focused on how to approach the problem of centralizing Amharic
rule: as a traditionally class-based one or, mixing ethnic and
socialist politics, a colonial one of ethnic rule and subjugation.
Where a group fell in such debates determined whether they later
aspired to a pan-Ethiopian resistance or ethnic separatism. The TPLF,
though initially viewing the problems in Tigrai through the lens of
Amharic colonialism, later and somewhat intriguingly comes to thread
the needle on this question. When the military overthrew the emperor
and associated itself with a pan-Ethiopian socialist student group,
the founders of the TPLF saw the same centralizing tendencies that
defined the rule of Selassie. This initially led the founders to
concentrate on liberating Tigrai alone and to see the problems facing
the state through a colonial ethnic lens. But as the author notes,
this was never a fully settled debate within the TPLF. Yes, Marxism
helped the TPLF understand the plight of poor peasants but internal
debate continued over whether separation was the solution.

Regardless of such debates, unlike many other dissident groups formed
after the military coup, the TPLF organized and recruited on the
basis that their struggle would be a protracted one. This proved key
early on as its fighters were not looking for a quick victory, making
minor setbacks less threatening to its military strategy. Similarly
it meant that the group focused heavily on its internal organization
to recruit members and take and hold territory. For Berhe these early
decisions would prove key to the group's immediate and long-term
success as well as the dynamics of its evolution. From an early stage
the TPLF was able to take and hold territory. But to hold territory
it would need to be governed. The revolutionary socialist origins of
the group came to bear on both how the group organized itself as a
rebel movement and as a local government. Internally, the TPLF
organized itself with a democratic ethos. Its leaders were
elected--and crucially removed--by members and criticism was built
into its rules. Similarly, the TPLF sought to empower peasants where
it held territory and did so by encouraging local governance and the
use of local customs and norms to do so. Over time both processes fed
the internal development of the movement's logistics and more
effective structures of governmental organization. This ultimately
gave the group a certain "stateness" that it would carry through to
government when it came to power.

By the 1980s the group had steadily spread its territorial power base
and eliminated rival groups that did not share its values. This
period also brought a formal process of review and, importantly, a
clearer declaration of its political thinking. Perhaps the most
important decisions of this period concern how to understand the
nature and purpose of the liberation movement. Gone was any sense
that the troubles in Tigrai were best understood as colonial--and
thus the solution being a separate state. In its place, the TPLF
sought to paint its movement as radically socialist (and thus somehow
also democratic) but also intriguingly as pan-Ethiopian and
nationalist. The people of Tigrai, like the Oromo and Eritreans and
others, had clearly suffered under the centralizing rule of past and
then current governments. The solution, however, lay not in
irredentism but in unity, in recognizing the right of all the peoples
of Ethiopia to live together as a nation of nations. This guiding
principle would later serve as the basis of the EPRDF as an umbrella
group of other ethnic political parties/movements. But importantly it
would also serve as the basis for placing self-determination in the
new Ethiopian constitution. For the author these developments reflect
the internal dynamics of the Ethiopian civil war, the need to expand
the TPLF's power base, and, crucially, a sense that the strident
socialist rhetoric of the group's founding was finding fewer and
fewer willing listeners as the Cold War wound down.

Berhe's analysis more or less follows this basic template over
succeeding periods of time: internal and external dynamics in a _pas
de deux_. But it is the concluding analysis where his book proves its
true value and to which we jump ahead to now. The author never quite
frames his work in the context of party politics or the rise of
one-party rule. But it is hard not to look at his final chapters as
anything but a study of the rise of one-party authoritarian rule. His
concluding chapter is an analysis of the success and failure of the
EPRDF to implement its true reformist agenda and create a democratic
state--albeit a socialist democratic one. The post-civil war era saw
the growing power of the EPRDF and the slow melding of party and
state that so often defines one-party rule. This is the era of the
rise, yet again, of one-party rule and increasingly ethno-nationalist
politics. Both of these outcomes the author directly connects to the
internal organization of the party and its failure to create the
nation of nations at the center of its political program.         

During the transitional period between the ouster of the military
dictatorship and the first free elections, the TPLF/EPRDF was the
only party with both a highly organized military wing and decades of
experience actually governing. As a result, it seamlessly blended
into the power structures of the collapsed military regime to hold
the government together until a new constitution could be worked out.
But as the author sees it, the movement failed to use its powers to
build up democratic norms; specifically it failed to build up a true
free press or foster a climate for the development of political
parties unaligned with its own EPRDF. While it initially used its
local governance approach across the country, in time it also sought
to co-opt local governance under the EPRDF. As party members moved
into governance, some of its famous discipline and self-criticism
broke down as well. Politicians began using their offices for
personal gain and silencing critics even from within the party.
Whatever democratic ethos the movement once had faded away after its
spectacular electoral losses in the 2005 elections. These elections
still saw the EPRDF with majority power, but it lost power in Addis
Ababa to a coalition of opposition groups that ultimately boycotted
the results. This created a vacuum quickly filled by the EPRDF who
then further eroded any remaining differences between state and
party.

It is hard to square some of the author's conclusions with both the
facts known and presented and those known but not presented. For one
Berhe seems to avoid recognizing that the EPRDF had become an
authoritarian one-party rule under the leadership of Meles Zenawi. He
also argues that multiculturalism flourished in Ethiopia due in part
to the nation of nations approach of the EPRDF. But he limits this to
the arts and culture more broadly while giving no mention at all to
how the EPRDF government has been credibly accused of stoking ethnic
violence and engaging in its own ethnic violence particularly toward
the Anuak of Gambella during the government's failed villagization
program--a horrible echo of similar programs under the military
dictatorship it replaced (see, for instance, Human Rights Watch's
_Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against
Humanity in Ethiopia's Gambella Region_ [2005] and Human Rights
Watch's _Waiting for Death: Forced Displacement and "Villagization"
in Ethiopia's Gambella Region_ [2012]). Instead Berhe sees the rising
ethno-nationalist politics as a result of the vague constitutional
means through which ethnic groups are empowered and in the failure to
inculcate sufficient democratic norms such that the opposition could
accept winning short of dominance.         

These are not, however, major flaws in this work. Indeed there are
few flaws in this work beyond some unusual copyediting mistakes
(particularly the one where we find President Jimmy Carter still
president in 1989). But I think it does reflect in part some of the
insider's view that actually makes this book so strong. This is
clearly someone disillusioned with the EPRDF and its failure to
create a truly democratic Ethiopia. The study of success and failure
must, _a priori_, assume some normative value in what is being
assessed. It is here then where I believe the author should have more
clearly laid out his position and time in the movement and after. One
only captures small asides here and there where the reader will know
that the author was a participant in some of the events discussed.
Something of his own biography here might have helped place his
analysis in its own personal context. The book remains a remarkable
work of scholarship providing insights into not just Ethiopian
politics but African politics more broadly. Future scholars seeking
to understand the rise of one-party states or the dominance of
personal rule will find here a useful resource.

Citation: Derick Becker. Review of Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot,
_Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and the Challenges of Ethiopian
State-Building_. H-Africa, H-Net Reviews. September, 2020.
URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55365

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States
License.




--
Best regards,

Andrew Stewart


A Quick (Corrected) Calculation on Child Covid Deaths — FAIR

Louis Proyect
 

I posted an angry piece on Wednesday (9/23/20) about an interview that was published by Jacobin (9/19/20)—and then immediately took it down, because it was based on a misreading of a chart from the Centers for Disease Control.

While I’m sorry I didn’t catch the mistake before publishing (and grateful to the reader who pointed out my error), I’m glad to be wrong, because my error was thinking that children are considerably more vulnerable to the coronavirus than they actually are.

https://fair.org/home/a-quick-corrected-calculation-on-child-covid-deaths/


Fascism and neofascism (by L. Proyect)

Louis Proyect
 

Before there were blogs, I used to write longer pieces to the Marxism list and then put them up on my Columbia University website (http://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mypage.htm). In 1992, Pat Buchanan ran for President. The same concerns about a fascist threat from Trump were raised back then. As most of you probably know, I consider Trump to be mostly as a danger through his Executive Power that by necessity follows bourgeois democratic norms even if he tries to  game them. In this respect, he differs little from Putin, Bolsonaro, Duterte, Orban and Erdogan. All of the countries they rule over have elections on a regular basis based on a multi-party system. Like Trump, they rely on media control, Supreme Courts with their hand-picked judges, voting fraud and all the other authoritarian techniques that people mistake for fascism. In fact, the most openly fascist move in the USA took place in 1941 when FDR defied the constitution and put Japanese-Americans into concentration camps. One of our subscribers' parents were in one.

In any case, you might find this useful:

http://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mydocs/fascism_and_war/fascism.htm


Re: How to be an Opportunist in the 21st Century

Ryan
 

This is great, thank you! What would you suggest in its place that is similar in scope and readability?