Date   

A Socialist Agenda for the 2020 Elections

Richard Modiano
 

...the Democratic Party, which has a good chance of winning this election, is preparing to take back the White House and possibly the Senate in order to shore up and intensify U.S. imperialism. A Biden government will be charged with continuing the imperialist offensive, imposing the anti-worker austerity that the capitalists require, and keeping the justice system and police departments intact.  

https://www.leftvoice.org/a-socialist-agenda-for-the-2020-elections


‘Warning flare’: New swing-state data shows massive Democratic early-vote lead - POLITICO

Louis Proyect
 


The Politics of White Anxiety | Boston Review

Louis Proyect
 


A right-wing group will rally in a Montgomery park near a voting site

Louis Proyect
 


MR Online | Six million displaced people have returned home

Louis Proyect
 

Anonymous editor of MR Online posts Assadist propaganda once again.

https://mronline.org/2020/10/24/six-million-displaced-people-have-returned-home/


Arlo Guthrie: Gone Fishing

Alan Ginsberg
 

It’s been a great 50+ years of being a working entertainer, but I reached the difficult decision that touring and stage shows are no longer possible. I've cancelled the upcoming shows, and am not accepting offers for new ones. That’s the short version. For the longer version continue reading…

https://www.facebook.com/arloguthrie/posts/10164686288300195?__tn__=K-R


The pursuit of herd immunity is a folly – so who's funding this bad science? | Coronavirus | The Guardian

Louis Proyect
 

(Three degrees of separation between Jacobin magazine and Charles Koch through Harvard professor and asshole Martin Kulldorff.)

As we approach one of the most important elections in the history of western democracy (itself described as a referendum on lockdown), we should be asking who funded this piece of political theatre, and for what purpose. The American Institute for Economic Research (AIER), where the declaration was signed, is a libertarian thinktank that is, in its own words, committed to “pure freedom” and wishes to see the “role of government … sharply confined”.

The institute has a history of funding controversial research – such as a study extolling the benefits of sweatshops supplying multinationals for those employed in them – while its statements on climate change largely downplay the threats of the environmental crisis. It is a partner in the Atlas network of thinktanks, which acts as an umbrella for free-market and libertarian institutions, whose funders have included tobacco firms, ExxonMobil and the Koch brothers. Our questions to the AIER about its relationship to the three signatories went unanswered, but it has posted a number of articles about the declaration and herd immunity on its website.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/18/covid-herd-immunity-funding-bad-science-anti-lockdown


New York Times nailed for publishing Republican propaganda — yet again | Salon.com

Louis Proyect
 


Armenian leftists: We consciously choose peace | Lefteast

Louis Proyect
 

Note from the editors: Three weeks ago LeftEast published an anti-war statement of the Azerbaijani left. Now we are proud to publish the response of the anti-war Armenian leftists. In the meantime, the war has continued despite two ceasefires. The numbers of killed are hard to estimate, but are in the thousands by now, military as well as civilian.

https://www.criticatac.ro/lefteast/armenian-leftists-choose-peace/


Review of Sorkin's "Trial of the Chicago 7"

Louis Proyect
 

(Written by a member of the CUNY teacher's union.)

Paul Glusman
October 21 at 3:14 PM  ·
Here's my review of the Sorkin film, Trial of the Chicago 7. Needless to say, I think Sorkin is committing the crime of stealing our history. As a friend says, there's such a think as artistic license, but Sorkin's license should be revoked.

TRIAL OF THE CHICAGO 7 REVIEW – Spoilers.
I was a journalist at the Chicago 8 (later 7) trial, reporting for Ramparts Magazine. I was there, day by day, in the courtroom and in the defense offices, for practically all of it. I was 22 years old, but the memories of that trial are indelible. This weekend I decided to watch the Aaron Sorkin movie, “The Trial of the Chicago 7” when it was available to stream from Netflix.

There was some good acting in the movie. Sasha Baron Cohen did a reasonably good rendition of the late Abbie Hoffman. Mark Rylance, although he didn’t nail the late William Kunstler, did a decent job. There was some witty dialogue at times. But that’s about all I have to say positive about the movie.

When someone “does” a historical event, it isn’t expected that it be accurate to every detail. It is historical drama, after all, not history itself. I didn’t expect a treatment that used verbatim dialogue from the trial transcript in every court exchange. But even though the trial was 51 years ago there are those of us who still remember it. Me, for instance. I haven’t reached out to Bobby Seale, Rennie Davis, John Froines, or Lee Weiner who are the defendants that are still alive. Most of the other principals in the trial have passed on. But when something happened within the memory of humans who lived through it, it seems to be a bad idea to mischaracterize what those people lived though so completely as Sorkin did.

There’s so much wrong, I can only give examples.

The courtroom itself was a brutal federal mid-century modern edifice designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. It was almost a character in the original trial. Judge Hoffman constantly reminded the defense lawyers that they had to stand behind the lectern, which was where Mies van der Rohe, had placed it when addressing the court or witnesses. The judge said he had been a friend of Mies van der Rohe. He was proud of the spartan authoritarian image that the courtroom projected. It admitted no natural light. Abbie Hoffman called it a “neon oven.” The entirety of the building and the courtroom seemed to serve the purpose of illustrating the futility of human beings contesting the federal government, or the “United States of America” as the prosecution was and is termed in federal criminal trials.

Not in the movie. In the movie the trial was held in an old fashioned courtroom, like maybe Miracle on 34th Street. There were floor-to-ceiling windows. Lots of natural light. Not a big deal, but it took something away from the power image that the feds were projecting against the defendants.

There’s a bit of dialogue in the movie where Seale points out that Tom Hayden was rebelling against his own father, rather than the government. I wasn’t there for every exchange between Seale and Hayden, but I highly doubt that happened. Whatever you think of Hayden, he was a dedicated radical and a leftist. By the time of the trial he not only had co-written the SDS founding document the Port Huron Statement, but had been a community organizer for a decade in places like Newark. And Seale respected (and still respects) the white radical counterparts in the movement. But it makes a nice liberal moment for Sorkin to point out the difference in what’s at stake between Hayden and Seale.

The movie shows Seale denouncing to the court the murder of Fred Hampton. Nice touch. But Hampton was murdered – or lynched – by the Chicago Police Department on December 4, 1969. Seale’s case was mistried on October 29. So, Seale was not in the trial at that point. Seale is also shown accusing white radicals of being racist by calling the trial the “Chicago 7” trial when he was still a defendant. But that never happened. Nobody called it the Chicago 7 until after Seale was mistried. The remaining defendants insisted on still calling themselves the Chicago 8. Sorkin once again is accusing the white radicals of something they never did. They never threw Seale under the bus.

Sorkin does show Seale repeatedly protesting his denial of counsel because Judge Hoffman refused to grant a 6 week continuance so that Seale’s lawyer, Charles Garry, could recover from gall bladder surgery. That’s accurate so far. But Seale grounded this in the history of slavery and the oppression of Black people in the United States. He called out Judge Hoffman for having pictures of slave-owning presidents, like Washington and Jefferson hanging on the wall behind the bench. Those pictures were missing from the movie. Seale also quoted from the Dred Scott decision, which held that Black people have no rights that White people are bound to respect, and accused Hoffman, and the federal government, of acting on that. Seale was absolutely accurate in this. Sorkin omitted that.

Possibly the most ridiculous part of the movie shows Jerry Rubin in tears because a Chicago Police Department plant had come on to him, he fell hard for her, and was devastated not only that she would do something like that, but that the government would train her to do that. This was absolutely false. A female undercover cop followed him around, but he never got involved with her. He wasn’t a 16 year old child jilted by his first crush. He was near 30 and his long-time girlfriend, Nancy, was with him practically every step of the way. But Sorkin, having infantilized Hayden by attributing his radicalism to his resentment of his father, infantilized Rubin also. Sorkin also omitted the part that women played in supporting the defense. (At one point a woman in the office is called “Bernadine” supposedly referring to Bernadine Dorhn, who in reality didn’t work in the office.)

Sorkin also portrays Hayden on insisting on respect for the court. Not really. Every day Hayden would arrive in court before the session started and ask the bailiff if the judge was still alive. Let’s not forget Rennie Davis. Davis insisted on being respectful, according to Sorkin, because his fiance’s parents would be upset if he weren’t and would interfere with their relationship. This was a big deal because he was living with them. He wasn’t. I remember the couple having their own apartment.

There are other missteps. Sorkin completely omits Abbie’s confrontation with Mayor Daley. Abbie came in one morning and found Daley sitting in the witness stand before trial began. He walked up to Daley, put up his fists in a mock-fighting pose, and told Daley that this whole thing could be settled right away, one on one, man-to-man. As I recall even Daley cracked up. Sorkin glosses over Lenny Weinglass’s work. He was the most effective lawyer in the trial, a more than adequate counterpart to Kunstler’s sometime grandstanding. Judge Hoffman never could get Weinglass’s name straight, calling him Weinstein, and Weinreb. Even in sentencing him for contempt, the judge misstated his name. Weinglass calmly said that regarding the subject of respect, he had hoped, after five months in trial, the judge would have learned his name. This was powerful. Sorkin left it out.

The part about Hayden giving the speech for all the defendants at sentencing was made up and atrocious. Sorkin simply had Hayden read the names of the U.S. soldiers killed in the war, as if that was what this was all the protest was about. It wasn’t. The protests were more about what the United States was doing in Vietnam, to the people of that country. The U.S. soldiers counted, but they were NOT the main thrust of the demonstrations, or the trial. Rennie Davis testified in trial about what was happening in Vietnam, and why the war was illegal and unconscionable. It was powerful testimony. Sorkin left that out. Hayden at no point read off the names of U.S. soldiers killed in the war. The trial was not a Vietnam War Veterans memorial before its installation in DC. And for Sorkin to twist that is unconscionable.

In short, Sorkin brings in personal motives for white radicals Hayden (his father) Rubin (his seduction by a cop) and Davis (his fiance’s parents) for why they acted the way they did in the demonstrations and subsequent trial. (He pretty much skimps on Seale’s own reasons for being at the demonstrations.) This is a huge miss. You might disagree with what they did, but don’t disrespect them by implying that the demonstrations, and subsequent conduct at the trial had nothing to do with what the United States was doing to the people of Vietnam.

Watch the movie if you want, but understand that although it uses real names, it doesn’t depict real people or their motives in opposing the government at that time.


Sudan's Revolutionaries insist Israel Deal must be ratified by Future Parliament, as Trump's Strong-Arm Tactics threaten its Democracy

Louis Proyect
 

Here’s the wrinkle. The whole Sudanese government has not in fact agreed to normalize relations with Israel. A couple of military officers in the hybrid civilian-military interim government seem to have made the agreement, which is highly contingent.

https://www.juancole.com/2020/10/revolutionaries-parliament-democracy.html


Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict: Israeli-made cluster bombs used in residential areas | Middle East Eye

Louis Proyect
 


Sudan Enters The Outside-In Accords |

Louis Proyect
 

First and foremost, this deal is about Jared Kushner’s and Bibi Netanyahu’s plan for an “Outside-In” resolution to the Palestinian question. As opposed to the “Inside-Out” attempts of the past, this approach is based on flipping the traditional “Peace Process” on its head. Instead of making peace with the Palestinians (the “Inside”) and then using that predicate to make peace with the Arab world (the “Out”), the idea is to make “peace” with all of the Palestinians’ Arab supporters (the “Outside”) and use that predicate to force the Palestinians (the “In”) to accept a deal because they’ll be too isolated to resist. That’s the “Outside-In” approach Kushner, whose family has a longstanding relationship with Netanyahu, is using to build the Abraham Accords and, in so doing, he’s setting up the Palestinians to accept his proposed resolution to Israel’s military occupation and, through what amounts to a piece-by-piece process, its eventual annexation of significant portions of the West Bank.

https://newsvandal.com/2020/10/sudan-enters-the-outside-in-accords/


Re: A Portrait of the Fascist as a Young Man

Jeffrey Masko
 

This is largely why "antifa" formations are not up to the task of street fighting as they are largely not trained. Folks out here are aware of more loosely connected antifa linked MMA fighters in and around Stockton/Fresno, but any real thought of outright confrontations with neofash must admit the lack of actual fighting experience at this level in the U.S., which is not the case elsewhere. Various IWW GDC's are attempting to address this but understand the mountain before them. RAM and others on the West Coast certainly have driven the perceived need for community defense orgs on the left, armed and unarmed.



H-Net Review [H-Environment]: Peterson on Church, 'Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean'

Andrew Stewart
 



---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: H-Net Staff via H-REVIEW <h-review@...>
Date: Fri, Oct 23, 2020 at 10:55 AM
Subject: H-Net Review [H-Environment]: Peterson on Church, 'Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French Caribbean'
To: <h-review@...>
Cc: H-Net Staff <revhelp@...>


Christopher M. Church.  Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and
Citizenship in the French Caribbean.  France Overseas: Studies in
Empire and Decolonization Series. Lincoln  University of Nebraska
Press, 2017.  Illustrations, maps, tables. 324 pp.  $65.00 (cloth),
ISBN 978-0-8032-9099-0.

Reviewed by Alyssa Peterson (University of Texas, Austin)
Published on H-Environment (October, 2020)
Commissioned by Daniella McCahey

Halfway into my master's degree, I attended a lecture from a visiting
PhD student who used GIS (geographic information system) software to
pinpoint locations in France that donated to Guadeloupe after a
natural disaster. His findings seemed promising, and it was
interesting to see how GIS could be used to come up with unexpected
observations. As I made my way through the first chapter of
Christopher M. Church's _Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and
Citizenship in the French Caribbean_, I realized I had
serendipitously been asked to review the completed work of that same
PhD student from years before. And his work did not disappoint.

Fitting his work squarely within the realm of disaster studies and
French history, Church uses natural disasters and civil unrest at the
end of the nineteenth century to explore the French Antilles' place
within contemporary French society and politics. He argues that these
events elicited, first and foremost, discussions of the islands'
economic utility, which were often couched in terms of class (and
thinly veiled racism). They also forced conversations on assimilation
and citizenship, with a strong rhetoric of nationality and
compatriotism surrounding debates of disasters and the expected
response from the metropole. Unlike traditional French
historiography, which sees the islands on the receiving end of
metropolitan decisions, Church demonstrates how the islands
influenced the republic's understanding of identity, republicanism,
and civic inclusivity. The Antilles were at once a strange location
and a definition of "Frenchness." Throughout the book, Church
contends with this continual conceptual battle between a foreign
environment and a familiar society.

The first chapter explores how metropolitan France understood the
Antilles and how its mulatto middle class came to be seen as
"civilized" as the French, despite their racial and environmental
heritage. The islands' histories of slavery were replicated within
the economy, with wealthy white landowners and poor black laborers
effectively mapping class divisions directly on top of racial ones.
Over time, however, a burgeoning mulatto middle class emerged. This
class represented the "best" of France's civilizing mission: a
population still French because of their mixed racial backgrounds but
acclimated to the tropical environment.

Chapter 2 is the first of four case studies that looks at the
metropole's response to Antillean disasters. Church uses the 1890
fires that destroyed Fort-de-France, in Martinique, and Port-Louis,
in Guadeloupe, to investigate how the metropole saw the Antilles
fitting into the larger French Republic. He finds that contemporary
reports stressed French camaraderie and the patriotic duty of those
on the continent when helping their fellow French citizens in the
West Indies. The chapter also touches on the political aspects of
donation relief, secularization, and the public education system. He
uses GIS to make an argument about Lorraine, the region that donated
the most aid relief per capita, claiming they did so as a way to
prove their allegiance to the French Republic. He compares the
Antillean fires with a mainland coalmine collapse to demonstrate the
similarities between responses to the "exotic" West Indies and
lower-class French coal miners.

The third chapter takes an in-depth look at the devastating hurricane
of August 18, 1891, one of Martinique's deadliest until the twentieth
century. Church uses this disaster to discuss the "calculus of human
suffering and colonial belonging" the metropole undertook when
estimating monetary relief for those affected (p. 119). With
metropolitan bureaucrats untrusting of mulatto government officials,
continental inspectors calculated themselves the minimum required aid
needed to restart the local economy in a way that would let the
islanders "help themselves." In opposition to the stingy inspectors'
report, Martinique officials argued for relief similar to what
official departments received, based on a shared French heritage and
loyalty.

Chapter 4 examines arson activity in Guadeloupe and related arson and
general strike in Martinique in 1900. Church argues that the strike
caused the island administrations and metropolitan government to
address both the islands' more extensive financial situations and
racial and class divisions. However, the strike took place within a
broader labor movement in France, indicating a robust Antillean
connection to the metropole. Political disagreements over the
origination of the strike and the local administration's response
carried up to Paris's ongoing debates. There they added to the
central government's existing argument over labor politics, pushing
some representatives to physical blows. This chapter aims to
contribute to the broader French historiography and argues that
omitting the Antilles in French history leaves out essential parts of
the narrative.

The fifth chapter focuses on the 1902 Mount Pelée eruption and its
devastating effects on the island of Martinique. Not only did the
eruption cement the idea of the tropics as a hostile place, but it
also brought up again the question of the Antilles' relationship with
continental France. The disaster was understood as a national
disaster, one affecting all Frenchmen, but the central government's
actions were the same colonial responses of previous catastrophes.
The interest in law, order, and the economy overshadowed the
humanitarian needs of the island's population, and the bulk of relief
aid went to elite, usually white, islanders who needed it least.

In the epilogue, Church continues the story of the Antilleans and
disasters, but this time placing the West Indians in France during
World War I. It was during their wartime service to the metropole
that French Antilleans solidified their character as Frenchmen.
French commanders treated Antillean soldiers as equals in ways that
those from other colonies were not, and, despite racist experiences,
they were able to demonstrate the loyalty and patriotism that all
Antilleans had for their "mother country." Fallen soldiers from
Guadeloupe and Martinique were even included in the Pantheon in
Paris, showing their complete integration into the French Republic
and foreshadowing the French Antilles' acceptance as full departments
in 1946.

For a work that relies heavily on the environment as an initiator of
action, this study is distinctly not an environmental history. That
does not mean that Church does not do an excellent job explaining the
background and frequency of hurricanes or demonstrating the
devastation each had on Guadeloupe and Martinique. Instead, the
environment is not one of the main focuses of the story. It is used
mainly as a "plot device" to uncover the political and social
tensions that existed just below colonial French society's surface.
In this way, his use of disasters is masterful, although I do wish he
would have elaborated on how other aspects of the environment played
a part in some situations. For instance, the fires' description in
chapter 4 includes a brief sentence on a severe drought that took
place leading up to the strike: Did the drought make fires easier to
start than usual? Are there other instances of drought and frequent
fires that did not become the center of politics? Did this drought
make the catastrophic fires seem more sinister than would be assumed
in other years? Church mentions the connection between arson and
slave resistance briefly as well, so it would be interesting to know
if environmental knowledge of the best time to start fires or proper
conditions were passed down or forgotten as generations passed.
_Paradise Destroyed_ focuses on politics and social connections, so
it is understandable that he passed over some environmental nuances.
However, these discussions of environmental knowledge could have
supported the "acclimatization" of French Antilleans. There is also
some frequent repetition within the book but not enough to turn the
reader off from the rest of the prose.

The extensive archival work, including work in Guadeloupe,
Martinique, and mainland France, contributes to the scholarly
discussions of debates taking place on both the islands and France.
Also, every chapter describes a disaster and its immediate aftermath
and broader discussions of social, economic, and political policies
in which the French Antilles played a role. Discussions on
metropolitan donations also touch on racist tropes, French colonial
fiscal policy, and education reforms. Exploring a short labor strike
in Martinique reveals connections to political party disputes, labor
unrest in France, and international relations. Historians of French,
Caribbean, or labor history will find something in every chapter.
Those in disaster studies and history will find an excellent example
of using natural and human-made disasters to explore the social,
economic, and political tensions that tend to sit just below
society's surface.

Citation: Alyssa Peterson. Review of Church, Christopher M.,
_Paradise Destroyed: Catastrophe and Citizenship in the French
Caribbean_. H-Environment, H-Net Reviews. October, 2020.
URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55339

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States
License.




--
Best regards,

Andrew Stewart


Re: The Return of the Chicago Seven | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

fkalosar101@...
 


Unsurprisingly, the war continued despite the embarrassment generated by the police riots and the kangaroo court that the two documentaries depicted.

full: https://louisproyect.org/2020/10/23/the-return-of-the-chicago-seven/

Hoffman was a multi-dimensional figure, however wrong-headed, IMO both tragic and brilliant in his way.  Rubin was neither of those things.  Half the Republicans in America are Yippies today--Donald Trump is a kind of fatassed Yippy in an ill-fitting ten-thousand dollar suit that is his equivalent of a psychedelic stovepipe hat.

The antiwar coalition represented IMO the last gasp of the Popular Front but one without a coherent socialist program, however degenerate, anywhere in the immediate background.  As Pete Seeger yielded to Bob Dylan, sharp politics yielded to a purple haze in which your mind was the only important reality and nuggets of nonspecific allusion replaced actual content.

WTF is "the sad-eyed prophet"?  Who cares, dude?  It's, like, archetypal.  You have to remember that this was a time when perfectly sensible people thought the Carlos Castaneda books were real and people in Boston used to take the Fort Hill Community and Mel Lyman seriously.

For too many people, the struggles for national liberation worldwide became a background for the the ideal of work on the self  (Esalen Institute, Norman O. Brown, R.D. Laing, Timothy Leary, Dr. Oz, Dr. Phil) that unexpectedly joined after1980 with the Ronald Reagan cult of the entrepreneur--and eventually with the false immediacy of social media--to inoculate America finally against any incursion of informed Left critical intellect.

The  big coalition vanished like snow eventually. The legacy is problematic to say the least. The model of panic-stricken urgency in the face of an ever-growing "fascist threat" (to self-work) is focused on ephemeral victories like the possible triumph of Joe Biden over Donald Trump.

This is at least partly because there weren't enough Marxist worker bees in 1968.  The whole world was watching and in the end they didn't really get to see all that much--a revolutionary moment (IMO) that came and went on the breeze and the most lasting accomplishment of which was the institutionalization of Rolling Stone magazine. 

So, Comrade Proyect, I'm sorry if you didn't enjoy your antiwar years as much as the Yippies pretended to enjoy theirs before committing suicide, but it's a good thing you did what you did.  


H-Net Review [H-FedHist]: Marx on Heidler and Heidler, 'The Rise of Andrew Jackson: Myth, Manipulation, and the Making of Modern Politics'

Andrew Stewart
 



---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: H-Net Staff via H-REVIEW <h-review@...>
Date: Fri, Oct 23, 2020 at 2:17 PM
Subject: H-Net Review [H-FedHist]: Marx on Heidler and Heidler, 'The Rise of Andrew Jackson: Myth, Manipulation, and the Making of Modern Politics'
To: <h-review@...>
Cc: H-Net Staff <revhelp@...>


David S. Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler.  The Rise of Andrew Jackson:
Myth, Manipulation, and the Making of Modern Politics.  New York 
Basic Books, 2018.  ix + 433 pp.  $32.00 (cloth), ISBN
978-0-465-09756-2.

Reviewed by Claude R. Marx (Independent Scholar)
Published on H-FedHist (October, 2020)
Commissioned by Caryn E. Neumann

An outsider enters a race for president against an established
dynasty and prevails, resulting in a political tsunami that shakes up
established norms. That's an apt description of the impact not only
of President Donald Trump but also of his hero and role model
President Andrew Jackson. Old Hickory was just as polarizing as the
Donald and both men were very creative in their use of the media and
other campaign techniques to get their messages out. It is wholly
appropriate that Jackson's portrait hangs in the Oval Office and that
Trump gave a speech at Jackson's home, The Hermitage, in Nashville.

Historians David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler focus on those
aspects of Jackson's career in their enjoyable, though one-sided,
book, _The Rise of Andrew Jackson: Myth, Manipulation, and the Making
of Modern Politics. _The authors concede that Jackson was a
successful politician but do not admire how he achieved his success.
Their critique is reminiscent of what people have written about Trump
and another masterful user of the media, President Ronald Reagan.
They also have disdain for Jackson's followers, especially those in
the working class. "Yeomen, mechanics, tradesmen, and small merchants
were unembarrassed by the charge that democracy was the cudgel of the
mob. They seemed to be yearning for an unshakeable and self-aware man
ready to do right against all comers, even if he was wrong," they
write (p. 2).

Jackson's military heroism in the Battle of New Orleans during the
War of 1812 captured the imagination of many citizens and was used as
a starting off point for his allies to launch a quest for the White
House. The authors describe in great detail how Jackson's allies set
up supportive newspapers in key areas, saw to it that there was a
hagiographic biography written, and staged rallies and other events
to engage the public. Jackson also benefited from his supporters
portraying him as a victim when he lost the 1824 election to John
Quincy Adams, even though Jackson had won a plurality of the popular
vote. The race was decided in the House of Representatives when
Speaker Henry Clay voted for Adams. Shortly thereafter, Adams named
Clay secretary of state and Jackson and his allies described this as
a "corrupt bargain" (p. 236). 

Adams and Clay denied the existence of a quid pro quo but the
relationship between the two men was complicated. The Heidlers
describe Adams as "a man Clay mildly detested and had reason to
believe returned the sentiment" (p. 215). But then-US senator from
New York and future US secretary of state William Seward, in his
sympathetic 1849 biography of Adams, wrote that Clay admired Adams
and supported him for the right reasons. He saw in Adams "a man of
the utmost purity and integrity of private character.... Between men
so dissimilar in their qualifications, how could Mr. Clay with
slightest regard to the welfare of the nation, the claims of
patriotism, or the dictates of his conscience, hesitate to choose? He
did not hesitate" (p. 164). The move hurt Clay's reputation and
probably was a factor in why he never became president.

Adams, arrogant and self-righteous on the best of days, would go on
to have a troubled presidency. At times he boasted about ignoring the
people's will in his attempts to expand the size and scope of the
government. He at one point urged lawmakers not to be "palsied" by
their constituents' desires. His words and deeds "suggested the
delusion of a man with, at best, a partial and possibly an
illegitimate mandate" (p. 255). With Jackson's foes self-destructing
and his political allies improving their game, to say nothing of his
continued ability to bond with average voters, he defeated Adams by a
landslide in 1828.

The Heidlers, however, are unwilling to cut him slack. They write
that "the man the people were poised to make president never really
existed. The actual Andrew Jackson had been groomed to fit an image
as managers either changed or kept him quiet, while they revised
accounts of his past to make him the ideal candidate of a new era"
(p. 368).

The Heidlers do not attempt an even-handed or cradle-to-grave
portrait of Jackson. Those wanting to fill in the vast gaps should
read the biographies by Jon Meacham, Robert Remini, or Arthur M.
Schlesinger Jr. But fans of political history, especially those who
are skeptical of giving too much power to the people, will enjoy the
storytelling skills very much in evidence in _The Rise of Andrew
Jackson: Myth, Manipulation, and the Making of Modern Politics._

Citation: Claude R. Marx. Review of Heidler, David S.; Heidler,
Jeanne T., _The Rise of Andrew Jackson: Myth, Manipulation, and the
Making of Modern Politics_. H-FedHist, H-Net Reviews. October, 2020.
URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55563

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States
License.




--
Best regards,

Andrew Stewart


H-Net Review [H-LatAm]: Neufeld on Shesko, 'Conscript Nation: Coercion and Citizenship in the Bolivian Barracks'

Andrew Stewart
 



Best regards,
Andrew Stewart 
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From: H-Net Staff via H-REVIEW <h-review@...>
Date: October 23, 2020 at 11:29:47 AM EDT
To: h-review@...
Cc: H-Net Staff <revhelp@...>
Subject: H-Net Review [H-LatAm]:  Neufeld on Shesko, 'Conscript Nation: Coercion and Citizenship in the Bolivian Barracks'
Reply-To: h-review@...

Elizabeth Shesko.  Conscript Nation: Coercion and Citizenship in the
Bolivian Barracks.  Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh  
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020.  Illustrations. 264 pp.  $45.00
(cloth), ISBN 978-0-8229-4602-1.

Reviewed by Stephen Neufeld (California State University, Fullerton)
Published on H-LatAm (October, 2020)
Commissioned by Casey M. Lurtz

_Conscript Nation_ studies how the recruitment of soldiers interacted
with concepts of citizenship to transform society during the early to
mid-twentieth century in Bolivia. Elizabeth Shesko argues for a
reconsideration of the motives for conscripts to participate in
military service, taking into account such perquisites as social
ascension, patronage, and manhood. In other words, service allowed
these men to make claims on the state and society. She finds that
recruits' persistent commitments to enlist entailed a paradoxical
embrace of the same regimes that so often denigrated and excluded
them. In the context of a Bolivian state usually too weak to enforce
its will, the male populace nonetheless willingly fulfilled national
and nationalist demands, if often on their own terms. In time, these
men began to reshape the conditions of citizenship. Military service
proved meaningful as the gateway to a modern citizenship and as a
pathway toward electoral rights, official positions, and public
employment.

The work traces the militarization of Bolivia's politics and society
as military and civilian spheres mixed and compromised and finds the
ways that the military represented its own highly politicized arena.
This shifts over the eras, from the period of liberalism (1900-36),
through the years of reforms (1936-52), and onward into a period of
revolutionary nationalism under the MNR (Movimiento Nacionalista
Revolucionario) (1952-64). Shesko follows the lead of recent
historiographies that portray military institutions as evolving, as
non-monolithic, and, despite official claims, as quite plainly
political in both the broad social sense and partisan maneuvers of
state. _Conscript Nation_ runs mostly in chronological fashion,
beginning with the turn of the twentieth century as the state
racialized indigenous groups, stripped away tributary relationships,
and enacted army conscription. Chapter 2 delves into soldiers' lives
within the barracks, while chapter 3 builds on conscripts'
experiences in the 1920s and reformers' attempts to change the harsh
conditions of service. In chapter 4 we see reactions to the crisis of
the 1930s Chaco War, finding that the military and its officials
showed considerable flexibility when accommodating recruitment
practices, even as the army scrambled to fill ranks desperately
depleted against Paraguay. These men, now veterans of war, are the
focus of chapter 5 as they sought to influence politics and enact
reforms in the war's aftermath. As Bolivia approached the 1952
crises, soldiers' forays into mass political cultures (and partisan
politics) offered them new influences in society, as shown in chapter
6. The final chapter turns to the revolutionary years of 1952-64 and
examines how the conscripts continued to make claims even as Bolivia
renegotiated what it meant to be a citizen.

_Conscript Nation_'s wide range of research materials offers an
excellent panorama of Bolivian military experiences. Throughout her
study, Shesko deftly adjusts her methods to address the sources
predominant to the era and topic at hand. In discussing the earliest
period, when the 1907 Conscript Law enacted a shift away from
traditional and tributary modes of armed service (or occupational
status), Shesko uses a somewhat legalistic approach that privileges
the writings of politicians, regulations, and categories of law. She
shows, as she does later in the work as well, a surprisingly flexible
relationship between state agents and potential recruits, one that
often eschewed strict legality for pragmatic expedience. Lack of
fiscal resources, nonetheless, meant that the army continued to use
service as carceral punishment by sending "bad recruits" to frontier
hardship posts. Officials thereby undermined the agenda of selling a
notion of honorable military service to the nation. Other chapters
rely largely on military justice records: with life in the barracks
derived from regulations and military journals; the rebellious army
of the 1920s described via their political demands and rhetoric; the
Chaco crisis shown through personnel and prisoner-of-war files; and
later a discussion of veteran issues, taken mainly from pension
claims. As the book approaches 1952, the argument draws increasing
strength from political writings, military reforms, and the
petitioning power of the "Good Sons," or the veterans who had served.
The work overall reflects a deep scholarship on a topic for which
sources can be truly difficult to compile--militaries love their
secrets.

Shesko persuasively argues that recruits' experiences of military
life transformed their relationship to citizenship and the means by
which the state attempted to assimilate indigenous recruits. The
sacrifices of army life paid for a sense of entitlement, one
inextricably tied to ideas of citizenship (if only fully "earned"
with broad suffrage in 1969). She shows how, in a limited state,
everyday actors engaged bureaucracies, institutions, and ideas to
write their own role into the grand national pageant. Veteran, as a
category of identity, could supersede less-powerful positions like
indigenous, rural, poor, or uneducated. Over time, the base of
recruitment moved parallel with national changes in emphasizing
different populations. A highly literate urban army in 1949 gave way
to one more rural and indigenous in 1952, only to revert to its old
base--due to political changes--by the 1960s. As the nation changed,
so too did its soldiers and its army. The argument of considering
army identity as inherently political complicates usual notions of
Latin American military professionalization, of received ideas of
citizenship only meaning suffrage, and of the unsophisticated recruit
caught up in bigger things (bureaucratic authoritarianism, Praetorian
politics, etc.). In Bolivia, at least, military service functioned
along multiple lines and offered proof of masculinity, a redemption
through labor, a price of admission to nation, and, of course, a
commodity for sale.

My deepest appreciation and critiques emerge largely from chapters 2
and 4: the examinations of quotidian barracks experience and the mass
conscription during the Chaco War fought against Paraguay.
Fascinating elements of the lived cultures of the barracks highlight
how far the recruit was distant from the modern goals of the state.
Conscripts, for example, brought to the service their own masculine
ideas and preoccupations and considered their experience in these
lights (although more attention to gender would certainly have
strengthened the work). Among other things, this connected to army
food and proper treatment from superiors, a consideration at times
complicated by forced labor on civilian projects. They continued also
to have connections to feminine society, and while _rebanas _(female
camp followers) had fallen out of customary practice early on, the
_madrinas de guerra_ (wartime stepmothers) offered an intriguing
support network for men in the field. Shesko also challenges older
interpretations of recruits during the Chaco War and discards
simplified visions of the soldier as typically rural indigenous
highlanders with insignificant variation. She shows that recruits had
far more agency in dealing with issues of desertion or arbitrary
conscription than the historiography would credit them. As a result,
it appears that in times of conflict the Bolivian conscript did not
embody some stereotyped victim but a broad range of social statuses,
expectations, and choices about nationalist beliefs and appropriate
sacrifices.

A few areas of the work nonetheless deserve further support and
discussion. The patron-client system she suggests as a motivation for
accepting military service is not so well supported or given clear
examples; there seems to be less evidence for this, and it remains
more implied than proven. More connections to the extensive
historiography on other Latin American _pronunciamientos_ (especially
that of Will Fowler and others in Fowler's edited collection
_Forceful Negotiations: The Origins of the Pronunciamiento in
Nineteenth-Century Mexico_ [2010]) might make the analysis of
political rebellions and their interaction with communities richer.
Sources on military life can prove challenging too. For example,
military journals' characteristics as a dialogue within a niche
audience (both national and international) warrant caution in
evaluating their aspirational prescriptions. Soldiers' gendered
lives, particularly in intimate spheres like family, can be difficult
to glean from official sources. And sometimes when soldiers complain,
it is a function of their normal jobs--that is simply what soldiers
do.

Despite my nitpicks, this is a professionally written and excellent
work, with solid research and a coherent argument on an important
topic. It is topical too, given ongoing unrest in Bolivia and Evo
Morales's use of his own veteran status to gain political capital.
The book is accessible, with a depth appropriate for scholars but
also apt for students and military historians more broadly. Shesko's
work is a worthwhile and significant contribution to the expanding
historiography now emerging on South America's twentieth century, and
a wonderful vision inside the political worlds of the Bolivian
soldier.

Citation: Stephen Neufeld. Review of Shesko, Elizabeth, _Conscript
Nation: Coercion and Citizenship in the Bolivian Barracks_. H-LatAm,
H-Net Reviews. October, 2020.
URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55415

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States
License.



Re: Down with the Islamophobia in France: “We Are Not Samuel!”

Andrew Coates
 

Tendance Coatesy

Left Socialist Blog

Islamist Fascism, Samuel Paty and Jewish Voice for Labour.

with 2 comments

Agir contre le terrorisme islamiste, pas contre les musulmans”

It is important to act against Islamist fascism, which threatens democratic freedoms, secularism, and community relations.” Ensemble.

The statement by the radical left alliance, Ensemble (which has 3 Deputies in the National Assembly, including Clémentine Autain)  is one of  many serious and dignified reactions to the murder of Samuel Paty.

And there is this, from Jewish Voice for Labour.

We are all shocked by the horrific murder of French teacher, Samuel Paty and send our condolences to his family, friends and pupils.

We are also appalled by the way it is being used by many in France, including leading elements of the French state, to incite hatred against Muslims.

The potential horrific consequences of demonising a whole community for the actions of an individual is something that we, as Jews, are all too aware of.

Here the French, Jewish, antiracist campaigning organisation UJFP, Union juive française pour la paix, raises the alarm.

How to use religious fanaticism to justify state racism

This Blog  shares the concerns that have led to the protests of the French civil liberties campaigns against the suggestion that the Collective against Islamophobia in France, the CCIF should be dissolved. Like many French anti-racist campaigners we do not share the view that the body cannot be criticised:. Amongst many issues (beginning with the claims about ‘Islamophobia’ a religion, rather than discrimination against Muslim people there is  its stand accusing Charlie Hebdo of racism. This is a transparent attempt to sap left wing support for Weekly’s freedom of speech. Yet it is clear that attempts to deal with political groups in this way are anti-democratic. (1)

JVL publishes Declaration of the Union juive française pour la paix (French Jewish Peace Union), 19 October 2020

But the statement notably declares, “Now these same authorities want to ban any fight back against islamophobia, by attacking Muslim organisations like the Collective against Islamophobia in France, the CCIF.This organisation is being libelled, smeared and insulted because it aims at having the rights of Muslim citizens respected and at fighting discrimination.”

 

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They continue,

There is something totalitarian in this new stage in the racist and islamophobic  discourse of the French State. T

The organisation Baraka City, an antiracist grouping like the CCIF, is threatened with being banned”

“The generalised denouncing of Muslims every time a lost young man carries out such a crime is in a sense a victory for the perpetrators of these acts against democracy.”

There are many problems with this.

To begin there is nothing in defence of freedom of thought, of open education, of the right to teach critical thinking through debate,

Then how ‘lost’ and alone was the killer?

Libération reported yesterday, that he was closely tied to jihadist groups:

Assassinat de Samuel Paty à Conflans : un assaillant bien connecté au jihad

The use of data from Abdullakh Anzorov’s phone reveals exchanges with the Iraqi-Syrian zone. According to our information, one of his contacts in Idlib received a photo of the head of the beheaded teacher from the young terrorist.

What kind of ideas did he have?

 Anzorov (the killer) had not held back from posting in succession dozens of anti semitic, misogynistic and homophobic messages.”

Today Mediapart publishes the results of an investigation into the network accused of inciting Anzorov.

The news site, founded by Edwy Plenel, author of Pour les Musulmans, (2014) cannot be accused of ‘Islamophobia’.

Attentat de Conflans: révélations sur l’imam Sefrioui

Abdelhakim Sefrioui, Mediapart notes, has a long association with the “anti-Semitic far right and  jihadist circles”

Sefrioui became involved in complaints against Samuel Paty to the point of presenting himself at the College to talk to the Head about it. Claiming to speak on behalf of French Imans, his own background was as a leading figure in a group, the collective Cheikh Yassin (CCY) named after the founder of Hamas. He had been removed, back in 2015, from the Muslim body that represents Imans (CIF). He, by contrast, became close to the Holocaust denier, Dieudonné M’Bala M’Bala, in the early years of the new millennium. During a demonstration against Israeli attacks on Gaza two extreme right activists Frédéric Chatillon and Axel Loustau joined the cortège led by the Yassin collective.

The investigation is long and complex. It covers his turbulant agitation in front of Mosques, and particular interest in schooling, reminding one of Islamist agitation on gender equality education in the UK. Disagreements with the far-right, who supported Assad, broke out during the outbreak of civil war in Syria. While Mediapart found people who denied any active encouragement for people to join jihadist groups in the region, the Minister of the Interior, in the decree of October 21 dissolving the said collective. declared that group members“have distinguished themselves by facilitating the departure of several young radical Islamists to the Iraqi-Syrian zone, by going themselves to fight in the zone or by preparing attacks abroad”

 

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Through his lawyer Sefrioui claims that he  “knew nothing” about the terrorist project of Abdullakh Anzorov,

France Info says today,

Adbelhakim Sefrioui is notably blamed for having participated in the mobilisation against the teacher. He had also accompanied the father to college who had come to complain about the teacher’s behaviour, and he had also posted a video on social networks. According to his lawyer, there is no proof, for the moment, that this video provoked the act of the terrorist. “Has Abdullakh Anzorov  seen this video? It remains to be proven. He surely did not need this to murder,” the lawyer continued. The same line of defence was offered by the student’s father who posted the video.

The official inquiry continues.

This much is clear: the slaughter of Samuel Paty by somebody who had nothing directly to do with his college cannot be understood as simply the “actions of an individual”.

What is at Stake?

JVL and the (Union juive française pour la paix refuse to discuss violent Islamism, and above all, to take into account the way that their anti-semitism can lead to them making common cause with the far-right. On their site the only reference to fascism comes from a comparison between dissolving the CCIF and Vickey’s suppression of Jewish organisations,

Loin de moi l’idée de placer des régimes aussi différents que Vichy et le pouvoir macronien sur un pied d’égalité, mais il est utile de mettre en exergue des ressorts racistes partagés, ceux-là mêmes qui ont conduit à la dissolution des organisations juives et qui conduiront peut-être à la dissolution de certaines organisations musulmanes.

Far be it for me to ​​place regimes as different as Vichy and Macron’s on an equal footing, but it is useful to highlight shared racist motives, ones that led to the dissolution of Jewish organisations, and which may lead to the dissolution of certain Muslim organisations.

Derrière les dissolutions, la haine (20th of October)

The  translator of the statement published by the JVL, John Mullen, has been a member of the SWP linked group, Socialisme par en bas (he is at present said to be involved in Ensemble, supporters of Jean-Luc Mélenchon’s La France insoumise)  with links to ‘Comrade Delta’ Martin Smith – see Smith’s site Dream Deferred.

Ensemble itself denounces state attacks on Muslims and stands against  Islamist fascism  – something not mentioned by the JVL.

Agir contre le terrorisme islamiste, pas contre les musulmans.

After the abominable act perpetrated against a teacher last Friday, it is important to act against Islamist fascism, which threatens democratic freedoms, secularism, and community relations. We will be in this struggle: we are against all oppressions.

But we refuse to allow a battle to be waged against Muslims. In this regard, the request to dissolve the CCIF is inadmissible. This Collective against Islamophobia did not intervene in the denunciation of Samuel Paty. It should not be sanctioned. In the same way, there is no need to stigmatise all Chechens for the act of one of them, nor to suspect all asylum seekers … Nor is it the place to establish a wide-ranging law against “separatism”, which risks stigmatising those who adhere to a religion, andis, as a result, itself legislation that creates division.

The far right and the right are taking advantage of the situation to advance their repressive agenda Under the guise of the fight against Islamist terrorism, they aim to attack migrants, call into question the right to asylum, and permanently destroy the possibility of different communities living together in a free and democratic society.

--
Andrew Coates


The Return of the Chicago Seven | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

Louis Proyect
 

The Return of the Chicago Seven

Filed under: Counterpunch,Vietnam — louisproyect @ 1:17 pm Edit This

COUNTERPUNCH, OCTOBER 23, 2020

Looking back at the choices I made, I often rue the 11 years I wasted in the SWP. While other people from my generation like Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin were having fun, I was something of a worker bee. I remember one cold and drizzly night in September 1967, when I was with a team of comrades wheat-pasting posters on Broadway between 59th and 96th streets for the October demonstration in Washington. Just after we finished, the cops told us to take them all down. Our only reward was seeing a massive turnout that included Norman Mailer, Allen Ginsberg, Hoffman and Rubin trying to levitate the Pentagon. During the trial of the Chicago 7, Hoffman used his puckish sense of humor to make prosecutor Richard Schultz look foolish as he tried to make an amalgam between this stunt and the charge of fomenting a riot in August 1968. When Schultz asked Hoffman to explain why he urinated on the Pentagon that day, you could not help but laugh at the exchange.

After having seen Adam Sorkin’s Netflix docudrama and one that aired on HBO in 1987, I can’t remember which film recreated this exchange. What I can remember, however, is the significant political differences between the two, as well as my take on the Chicago protests and the ensuing trial at the time. The seven men on trial were committed to the politics of the spectacle, to put it in DeBordian terms. By the summer of 1968, Dellinger et al. had grown frustrated with the failure of the mass demonstrations to end the war. They believed that “resistance” was necessary as a tantrum by several thousand young people could force the warmakers into withdrawing from South Vietnam. On December 29, 1968, SWP leader Fred Halstead debated Jerry Rubin over “What Policy for the Antiwar Movement.” The Militant newspaper carried excerpts from Rubin’s speech:

The war in Vietnam will be stopped when the embarrassment of carrying on the war becomes greater than the embarrassment of admitting defeat. A lot of things embarrass America. A lot of things embarrass a country so dependent on image: Youth alienation, campus demonstrations and disruptions, peace candidates, underground railroads of draft dodgers to Canada, trips to banned countries, thousands of people giving their middle finger to the Pentagon over national television …

The long-haired beasts, smoking pot, evading the draft and stopping traffic during demonstrations is a hell of a more threat to the system than the so-called politico with leaflets of support for the Vietcong and the coming working-class revolution. Politics is how you live your life, not who you vote for or who you support . . .

Only seven months later, the Chicago Seven led actions based on these premises. Unsurprisingly, the war continued despite the embarrassment generated by the police riots and the kangaroo court that the two documentaries depicted.

full: https://louisproyect.org/2020/10/23/the-return-of-the-chicago-seven/