In a 2020 article in Nature, scientists reported on the DNA of human skeletons buried on mainland Africa near Bioko (their blue star). They detected 'ghost modern' genes, and wondered where this large population of 'ghost modern' humans could have lived. Maybe it was in the blue shaded area north of current chimpanzee habitats? But there are no living descendants of those ghost modern humans.

From their possible blue-shaded origin, some modern humans migrated to southern Africa (1, shaded red). Some migrated to eastern Africa and then populated the entire globe (2, shaded orange and yellow arrow). Others stayed close by (3 grey).