Matched loads aren't usually used at mains frequencies. Bruce

For greatest photocurrent in the detector LED, first choose the detector LED for 1.3V and then choose the emitter so that its peak emission is around 50nm shorter in wavelength than the emission from

The peak response of a LED acting as a photodiode occurs at a shorter wavelength than its peak emission. Thus using a pair of red (or green, or blue etc) LEDs isn't the most effective combination. I h

Hi Dennis Some issues with the 7S14 sampler circuit schematic (1988 version) 1) The avalanche bias adjust circuitry shown in the schematic doesnt work. The 470 ohm resistor should be connected between

The 7S14 uses a 2K resistor in series with each battery. 20uA photocurrent implies a slope resistance of around 2.5K for a photodiode with n =2. This more than doubles the series resistance and adds s

That's 2 series connected silicon photodiodes with a shunt capacitor per battery. Bruce

You'll need to series stack a couple of silicon photodiodes for that to work. The photocurrent will need to be around 50 microamps or so to keep the output resistance low enough. A shunt capacitor may

Just use SMT LEDs. However the photocurrent will need to at least 50 uA to ensure that output impedance is low enough. A shunt capacitor across the output LED may also be required. Bruce

If its intended as a Mercury battery replacement in the 7S14 the output impedance is important, if its more than a few hundred ohms it will have a significant effect on the preamp dynamics. The output

That's not efficiency, as its not the ratio of power out to power in. The efficiency is actually significantly less than your calculation indicates. Your "efficiency" is irrelevant if you are attempti

LED encapsulation is clear epoxy. Clear epoxy is best suited to bonding LEDs end to end. Either mechanical preparation of the mating surfaces or priming is required. Done properly the roughened ends a

Hybrid laser sintering and machining: https://www.lumex-matsuura.com/english/about N.B. for Titanium powder an inert atmosphere is required to avoid catastrophic fires. Bruce

You mean something like this?: https://www.sciaky.com/additive-manufacturing/electron-beam-additive-manufacturing-technology Bruce

The simplest solution is to multiply the DVM readings by 110. Otherwise shunting the 1090M resistor to reduce its resistance to 990M would be required. With DVMs that have the option of a very high in

Likely intended for use with a Heathkit VTVM or similar which had an 11M input R (!M in standard probe tip) 10M in internal divider. Once the HV probe is substituted for the standard probe rge scaling

The HP optoelectronics handbook contained data on designing for aging of LEDs in optocouplers so they saw this as a real phenomenon. Bruce

Not quite correct. austenitic stainless (300 series) is non magnetic. Martensitic (eg 422, 440 and 17-4PH etc) and ferritic grades are magnetic. Hardened martensitic stainless is stronger than austeni

Start by checking the voltages at U930 pins 2 and 3. These should be about +6.9V and equal. Then work towards the series pass transistor. Note voltages on a printout of the circuit schematic for the l

For use when used with a prescaler such as a DP501? Bruce

Try the operating/service manual at: https://web.sonoma.edu/esee/manuals/E3630A_Operating_Manual.pdf Bruce